During your chemistry career, you will be encountering many types of reactions. You will go through each of these categories of reactions and find more specific types, so this is an overview of some types and terms.
solubility: the extent that a substance will dissolve in a solvent
soluble: when solubility is high
insoluble: when solubility is low
precipitation reaction: a reaction in which the dissolved reactants from a solid product
acid-base reaction: a reaction in which a hydrogen ion is transferred
oxidation-reduction reaction: a reaction in which there is an exchange of electrons